Quiz 07/07/2022

An 11-month-old male is brought to the emergency room with agitation, fever, and nuchal rigidity. A review of the patient’s electronic medical record shows that the patient was admitted with meningitis 2 months ago. While no clear focal neurological symptoms were appreciated on examination, there was a midline dimple appreciated in the lumbosacral region. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of the patient’s recurrent illness?

A 65-year-old male with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis presents to the emergency department with dark black coffee-ground emesis. He is found to have a systolic blood pressure of 76/40 and is tachycardic to 120 BPM. Which nerve is most responsible for carrying the afferent fibers from carotid sinus baroreceptors that cause the reflex increase in heart rate seen in this patient?

A 37-year-old female with a past medical history of chronic fatigue and heat intolerance presents with right arm weakness. A cervical spine MRI is performed and shown below (Left: T2 sagittal. Right: T2 axial). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following cranial nerves is most likely to be affected by increased intracranial pressure?

Match the phase of the Valsalva maneuver with its associated physiology.

The medulla develops from which of the five primary vesicles of the brain?

A 20-year-old male presents with severe burns on his hands after accidentally touching a stove. Neurology was consulted because the family noted that the patient did not initially pull away from the hot stove as one would expect. Physical exam shows decreased sensation of pain and temperature along the back and arms, with intact strength. T2 sagittal MRI of the cervical spine is shown below. Which of the following is commonly associated with the pathology shown?

A 45-year-old female presents as a trauma for an unhelmeted motorcycle accident. She has sustained significant blunt head trauma, and CTH shows hydrocephalus caused by edematous mass effect compressing the fourth ventricle. Which of the following shows the correct directional flow of CSF in a normal individual?

An 80-year-old woman with uncontrolled HTN presents to the ED with symptoms upon awakening of left hemi-sensory loss, last seen well 8 hours prior. MRI is done and shows a lateral thalamic lacunar stroke. The small branch affected in this lacune is most often a branch of which major artery?

Which of the following can not passively diffuse across the blood-brain barrier?

Identify the pathological abnormality shown in the image below.

Which of the following is the chemoreceptor trigger zone for vomiting?

Identify the tract marked by the red arrow in the spinal cord diagram below.

Identify the lesion shown in the imaging below:

Which of the following issues in early development has occurred in the photograph below?

Of the following, which extraocular muscle is not innervated by the oculomotor nerve?

A 32-year-old female presents to the emergency room after a motor vehicle accident as a restrained back seat passenger. Her only complaint on arrival is back pain. She has bruises across her abdomen and chest and a normal neurological exam. Thoracic spine imaging was completed and is shown below. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is the first branch of the internal carotid artery once it enters the skull?

A 67 y.o. female with HTN and atrial fibrillation on coumadin was in the Neuro ICU in a comatose state after a large intracranial hemorrhage. After a couple of days of monitoring, she had a new finding on her physical exam that prompted stat imaging, which showed signs of uncal herniation. Surgery was not performed due to goals of care preferences, and she, unfortunately, passed away from her ailment. An autopsy was requested. The image below shows compression on a cranial nerve from the herniation. Through which anatomic structure does this nerve pass to exit the skull?

Which of the following occurs at point “4” on this diagram of an action potential?