Quiz 08/01/2022 (2)

The abnormalities appreciated on the MRI below are due to a defect in which of the following processes?

Which of the following genetic disorders is most commonly associated with holoprosencephaly?

A 22-month-old girl presents with her mother for abnormal movements and loss of milestones. The mother describes the patient frequently and repetitively squeezes and twists her hands, and has lost some of her developmental milestones including fine motor skills and verbal speech. She has stopped walking as well. On examination of growth curves, her head circumference percentile appears to have fallen off of the curve. The patient has no other past medical problems, no past trauma, or past infections, and had been developing normally up until now. Of the following, which is most likely true?

Identify the pathological abnormality shown in the image below.

The cell marked by the blue arrow is derived from which germ layer?

A two-week-old female is evaluated in the clinic. Upon physical exam, you notice a dimple and overlying tuft of hair on her lower back. This finding is most likely associated with a defect that occurs during which week of gestation?

An autopsy was performed on a 30-week gestational age stillborn infant. An image of the brain before histopathologic analysis is shown below. Which of the following was likely also appreciated during the autopsy?

Neural tube defects will develop at which point in fetal development?

An 11-month-old male is brought to the emergency room with agitation, fever, and nuchal rigidity. A review of the patient’s electronic medical record shows that the patient was admitted with meningitis 2 months ago. While no clear focal neurological symptoms were appreciated on examination, there was a midline dimple appreciated in the lumbosacral region. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of the patient’s recurrent illness?

A 2 month-old female is brought to the emergency room by her mother after she noticed abnormal movements concerning for possible seizure. The child was born at term and was the product of a normal pregnancy and delivery. While gathering a history, the child is lying on the bed still when you notice repetitive movements of his bilateral lower limbs. When her mother notices she picks up the patient and the movements resolve. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Identify the pathological abnormality shown in the image below.

The pathology seen in the image below is most likely related to maternal use of which of the following medications?

A newborn male is evaluated in the NICU for a lesion on his lower back. He was born to a mother with no prenatal care at 37 weeks gestation. Imaging of his lower back shows the meninges and spinal cord herniated through the defect, covered in a membrane. His condition could have most likely been prevented through prenatal supplemental with what?

The medulla develops from which of the five primary vesicles of the brain?

What is a common comorbid issue seen in newborns with the vascular abnormality appreciated in the imaging provided?