irregular inspiratory phases and variable intervals of apnreaa—Ataxic breathing, also known as Biot’s respirations, is characterized by an irregular breathing pattern with variable tidal volumes. This can occur secondary to damage to the medulla.

 

Apneustic breathing is an abnormal breathing pattern characterized by regular deep inspirations, an inspiratory pause, and inadequate expiration. Apneustic breathing can be caused by an injury to the pons. Cheyne-Strokes breathing is described as an alternating pattern of crescendo and decrescendo reparations. It most commonly occurs secondary to heart failure or stroke, with the localization of stroke being variable. The mechanism is related to PCO2 concentration fluctuations due to unstable respiratory control, either via a central nervous system or circulatory dysfunction.