Quiz 07/15/2022

A 4-year-old female was brought to the emergency room for lethargy, ataxia, and nausea. MRI brain with contrast showed well-circumscribed, contrast-enhancing heterogeneous lesions in the 4^th ventricle. Surgical resection was performed and histopathologic analysis was completed. Which of the following is the correct diagnosis?

A 63-year-old woman with right leg weakness and pain has an MRI performed to evaluate for a possible cause. Her imaging is provided below. Based on the location of the lesion, which of the following muscles is most likely weak on examination?

What is the benefit of using glucocorticoids in the treatment of bacterial meningitis?

A 19-year-old college student presents with an inability to look up at the board in class. On exam, he has upward paralysis but with preserved downward gaze. Pupillary accommodation is normal, but they remain dilated with the light shining. Where is the most likely location of the lesion?

A 72-year-old woman is brought to the clinic by her family with concerns about living at home alone. Her daughter states that the patient’s “memory is not what it used to be” and that she will often think that there are little children in her house when no one is there. On exam, you appreciate a bilateral upper extremity resting tremor. A functional PET scan will most likely show which of the following?

Which of the following vessels that supply the thalamus typically originates from the posterior communicating artery (PCOM)?

A morbidly obese patient with a past medical history of brainstem stroke and excessive daytime sleepiness undergoes polysomnography. Polysomnographic testing revealed an average of 8-10 apnea/hypopneas per hour during sleep. During prolonged periods of apnea, there were no out-of-phase movements on plethysmography. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is a side effect of glatiramer acetate?

A 24-year-old weight-lifter presents after sudden-onset neck pain. On exam, there is right eye ptosis and asymmetric right pupil constriction. Additionally, the patient appreciated decreased sweat production on the right side of his face. 1% hydroxyamphetamine eye drops are administered to the right eye and it dilates. Where is the most likely site of the patient’s lesion?

A 16-year-old male with no significant past medical history presents to the emergency room with vision complaints and coordination issues. Four days ago, he began experiencing double vision and since then has had progressive difficulty picking up objects and buttoning his shirts. On physical exam, the patient has a decreased range of motion of the extraocular muscles bilaterally, as well as areflexia and ataxia when walking. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Paraphasic and semantic errors in speech can occur secondary to a lesion in which of the following regions?

A 32-year-old man with a 4-week history of painful swelling on his right forehead presents to the emergency room. A CT scan of the head was performed and is shown below. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 7-year-old boy was brought to the ED by his mother for a three-week history of involuntary movements. He was initially seen by his pediatrician two weeks ago. MRI of the head was performed and was unremarkable. Methylphenidate was trialed for a presumed tic disorder but it had no benefit. The Movements resolve with sleep. On examination, he has difficulty controlling facial and extremity movements as well as maintaining tetanic contraction of his hands. There was also a newly appreciated cardiac murmur. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following nerves when damaged can lead to scapular winging?

Which of the following is the mechanism of action of entacapone?