Quiz 07/20/2022

A 65-year-old man with a past medical history of chronic liver disease and diabetes presents with progressive falls and a tremor. On exam, he is rigid throughout with significant gait instability, a tendency to turn his head to the right, and a hypertrophied left sternocleidomastoid muscle. He fails initial treatment with carbidopa-levodopa. His brain MRI reveals T1 hyperintensities of the bilateral globi pallidi. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 63-year-old female presents with a 6-month history of difficulty walking and muscle weakness. Neurologic examination reveals normal bulk but muscle fasciculations, bilateral extensor plantar responses, muscle spasticity, and hyperreflexia. Pathology at which of the following structures could explain these symptoms?

A 38-year-old man visiting from India presents to your clinic as a new patient for months of weakness in bilateral ankles to dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. On exam, he has diminished reflexes. He had an EMG done recently, showing axonal neuropathy in the lower extremities. He does not have his medication list with him, but he states he has taken a medication prescribed in India for “a cough” for several months. Which of the following labs would provide the highest yield?

A 56-year-old man with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease presents to the emergency department for hypertensive emergency and tachycardia. You suspect that this may be an adverse effect related to one of his medications. Patients that are prescribed MAO-B Inhibitors should be counseled on avoiding which of the following?

Which of the following pathologic findings is associated with posterior cortical atrophy?

The usage of bupropion increases the risk of which of the following?

Identify the lesion shown in the image below.

A 7-year-old male with a history of multiple febrile seizures has recently presented repeatedly with new recurrent non-febrile clonic seizures. Which of the following gene mutations is associated with this epilepsy syndrome?

Which of the following is the primary source of norepinephrine in the brain?

A 37-year-old man with a past medical history of depression, hypothyroidism, fibromyalgia, and nephrolithiasis presents with a well-documented history of migraine headaches. In the past, his headache frequency was less than 5 days a month but they are now occurring at least three times a week. Your suspicion of secondary causes of headache is low and you are considering starting a prophylactic migraine treatment. Which of the following medications should be avoided?

A 53-year-old man has had increasing difficulty falling and staying asleep over the past 3 months. This is accompanied by hallucinations, delirium, and general clumsiness. He was an orphan as a child and does not know his family’s medical history. If a sleep study is performed, during which stage of sleep would you most likely expect to find an absence of normal sleep architecture?

Patients with trisomy 21 are at an increased risk for which of the following?

A 42-year-old man presents to the emergency department with recurrent falls, mild confusion, and visual changes. Physical examination reveals a wide-based gait, nystagmus, and ophthalmoplegia. Deficiency in which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient’s symptoms?

A 68-year-old man with an unknown past medical history presents with language difficulties. His spontaneous speech is non-fluent. He has anomia and difficulty following complex tasks, but intact repetition. A solitary lesion in which of the following regions can present with these symptoms?

A 47-year-old woman from the Caribbean presents to the clinic with a seven-year history of progressive difficulty with ambulation. The exam is notable for lower extremity spasticity. An MRI is ordered and shows atrophy of the spinal cord without other changes. The clinical and MRI findings for this patient are most likely secondary to which of the following infections?

A 38-year-old man with a past medical history of chronic cough, and shortness of breath presents with a three-week history of recurrent headaches, confusion, and difficulty with speech. On exam, there are difficulties with attention and mild aphasia. Additionally, there appear to be erythematous nodules along his shins bilaterally. Brain MRI shows a contrast-enhancing lesion in the left hemisphere. Due to the patient’s chronic pulmonary complaints, a chest X-ray is also performed. Which of the following is most likely seen on a chest X-ray?

An 18-year-old boy had an MRI performed after experiencing a first-time seizure shown below. What genetic disorder could be the cause of the abnormalities appreciated on imaging?

An unresponsive patient with an ischemic stroke is transferred to the intensive care unit. On physical exam, the patient has flexion of the bilateral elbows, wrists, and fingers, but extension of the legs. Where is the stroke most likely located?

A 33-year-old woman has recently given birth to a healthy 3-month-old boy. She has been complaining of poor sleep for the past year, mainly from an uncontrollable urge to move her legs that is only relieved by moving them. This is present during the day to a small degree but is much worse at night and during periods of rest. What would be the best test to order for her?

A 57-year-old teacher presents to the clinic with reading difficulties. His first symptoms developed 12 months ago when he had trouble marking students’ homework. He progressively also lost the ability to write and had to retire from his profession. Now he needs help tying his shoes and buttoning his clothes. His visual acuity is 20/20. Funduscopic examination and the rest of the neurological examination are unremarkable. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?