The hypothalamus is considered to be the coordinating center of the endocrine system that helps to maintain homeostasis. It contains several nuclei with various functions including autonomic function, body temperature regulation, and water balance. The anterior nucleus functions in temperature regulation and a lesion to this area can cause hyperthermia

The lateral nucleus functions to activate hunger/thirst, and a lesion to this area causes aphagia/adipsia. The ventromedial nucleus controls satiety, so a lesion to this area causes hyperphagia. The dorsomedial nucleus controls aggression, and a lesion to this area may lead to docility.