The most common associated gene with primary generalized dystonia is TOR1A, which encodes the protein torsin-A (TorA), also known as dystonia 1 protein (DYT1).

Dopa-responsive dystonia, a.k.a Sagawa syndrome, can be seen secondary to a mutation of GCH1 (GTP cyclohydrolase I). 

CACNA1A (Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 A) mutations are associated with the genetic ataxia-related disorders Friedreich’s ataxia, ataxia telangiectasia, and spinocerebellar or episodic ataxia, respectively. CACNA1A is also associated with hemiplegic migraines and genetic epilepsy